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Types of Anxiety Disorders Everyone experiences anxiety and fears at times, but if these feelings are severe or ongoing and interfere with your daily routine, they could be a sign of an anxiety disorder. Treatments include medication and psychotherapy or talk therapy. First, you should consult your physician to rule any physical ailments out that could be causing symptoms. A psychiatrist or other mental health professional can diagnose the kind of anxiety disorder you suffer from. Generalized anxiety disorder Everyone is anxious at times, and there are many good reasons to worry about things such as job responsibility and financial obligations, as well as health. But when the worries become constant and overtake your life, you could have a more serious anxiety disorder known as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). People with GAD have feelings of dread that have a profound effect on their lives and are often hard to control. They tend to think that they are the worst, and that small issues can turn into major catastrophes. GAD can affect anyone, and it typically begins in adolescence or childhood however it can happen at any age. It is twice as common for women and in those who are born female. GAD can trigger physical symptoms, like stomachaches and headaches, as well as make it difficult to sleep. It can also hinder social and work activities, leading people to isolate themselves from families or friends, and contribute to the loss of self-esteem. People suffering from severe, chronic GAD are at greater risk of depression. However, treatment can help manage the two disorders. The specific cause of anxiety disorders is unclear but they appear to be linked to genetics and changes in brain structure, which affect how your body responds to stress. Some experts believe that an imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain plays a role as well. Although there is no cure for GAD, the condition can be managed through psychotherapy (talk therapy) and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy comprises various therapies that help you recognize and alter unhealthy thoughts, emotions and behaviours. Cognitive behavior therapy is a type of talk therapy which can help you control your distorted thoughts and reduce your fear by engaging them. Certain physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations can be cured by taking medications. These include antidepressants and benzodiazepines along with medicines that treat seizures, like hydroxyzine. GAD can be difficult to recognize and is therefore important to get help if you notice worrying and other signs of the disorder. Early treatment is more effective since it lets you control the anxiety and physical symptoms before they begin to take over your life. Panic disorder This type of anxiety disorder is defined by repeated, extreme terror and fear that can reach their peak in a matter of minutes (panic attacks). People with this disorder may also feel chest discomfort, shortness of breath or feeling like their heart beats or is flaring (“heart palpitations”). They are often concerned that their symptoms are signs of a heart attack. People with panic disorder may be at risk of developing other anxiety disorders, such as depression and other health problems such asthma or hyperthyroidism. Researchers believe that anxiety disorders are caused by a combination factors. Some studies suggest that they may be due to brain circuits that control emotion and fear. Other studies suggest that genetics, life experiences such as childhood abuse or traumatic events are common causes of anxiety disorders. A large number of people with anxiety problems have a first-degree family member who suffers from the condition. Anxiety disorders can cause people to be constantly stressed, even though they know their fears are not rational. This can lead to problems in social situations at work, or at school. Certain people suffering from anxiety disorder s also have trouble sleeping or eating well. They may also experience muscle tension, irritability, and trouble concentrating. A person suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is likely to be plagued by a variety of worries about everyday tasks, such as job responsibilities or family problems. They may also be irritable and fatigued, or have trouble concentrating. They might also be concerned about their own safety or the safety of others. The good news is that there are effective treatments for anxiety disorders . Treatments include medicine, psychotherapy and complementary health techniques. A mental health professional can help you determine the problem that is causing your symptoms, and suggest the most effective treatment. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can help you understand how to manage your anxiety and reduce the amount of panic attacks you experience. Different types of psychotherapy are available, including cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure response prevention. These therapies can be performed either in a group or on an individual basis. Social anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder is a serious condition that can hinder daily life. It causes extreme anxiety, fear and avoidance of social situations. It can appear in the early years of adulthood, however it usually starts in the early years of childhood. It can manifest itself as anxiety in specific social situations like speaking in class or going out for date. Or it may be more widespread and involve the need to avoid situations that could lead to being assessed. The person with SAD might realize that their fear is irrational however, they feel powerless. They try to manage their symptoms by avoiding anxiety-provoking situations, but this only increases their anxiety in the long in the long run. They may also adopt “safety behavior” to lessen their anxiety. For instance they may drink alcohol, remain silent or avoid eye contact. Certain people suffering from SAD may benefit from medication along with psychological therapy. These antidepressants can help regulate some neurotransmitters within the brain. Some examples of these medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If you or someone you know has social anxiety disorder, it's important to seek treatment. The condition can be debilitating if not treated and may result in other mental health issues like depression and addiction to substances. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, contact 911 or your local crisis line, or text TALK to 741741 to talk with an experienced crisis counselor. Only 1 in 4 patients suffering from anxiety disorders receive treatment. Treatment is hindered by an absence of awareness of anxiety disorders, a lack of investment in mental services, and stigma. It's also important to ensure that your doctor is aware of the different types of anxiety disorders to ensure that you will be appropriately diagnosed and treated. If you're not sure if you have an anxiety disorder Ask your doctor to refer you to an expert in mental health or use an online screening tool. Specific fears A person with specific phobia experiences persistent and a heightened fear of one or more things, situations, animals or other people. The fear may be unrelated to the threat of the object or circumstance, but they can cause severe distress and interfere with functioning in daily life. Particular phobias differ from other anxiety disorders due to the fact that they are triggered by one stimulus, instead of multiple stimuli. The target of the phobia could be anything from heights, dogs, flying to injections to crowds. This is a common occurrence most often in men than women, and can start in adolescence or childhood. People with specific phobias know their fears are unfounded however this does not diminish the intensity of their symptoms. Children with specific fears usually get over them. However in the event that the fear persists as an adult it may be difficult to treat. Doctors diagnose the disorder based on the symptoms reported and their impact on everyday functioning. Before determining a phobia, doctors rule out other conditions with similar symptoms like agoraphobia, or social anxiety disorder. In earlier editions of the DSM adults were required to acknowledge their irrational fears in the diagnostic process. However the 2013 edition says that this requirement is no longer needed for adults. Treatment options for specific phobias are cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure-based therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is focused on changing the way people react to their fears and teaches them healthier coping strategies. Exposure-based therapy is a gradual and consistent exposure to the subject or event. The patient may begin by imagining the object or the situation. They may then move on to seeing pictures of it, stepping into an elevator, holding an object, visiting an animal park and viewing real snakes, before taking a ride in a crowded elevator. This type of therapy may not be able to eliminate a fear, but it may decrease the intensity. Psychotherapy and medications like antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications are also options for treating specific fears. People with specific phobias that take these treatments often report improved outcomes.